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Table of Contents: Exchanges with the environment1 Exchanges with the environment2 Gas exchange in flowering plants3 Gas exchange in humans4 Controlling the rate of ventilationDigestion and absorption5 A balanced diet: macronutrients6 A balanced diet: micronutrients, water and dietary fibre7 The digestive process8 The role of enzymes in digestion9 AbsorptionTransport systems in plants10 The process of transpiration11 Factors affecting the rate of transpiration12 Xylem tissue13 Phloem tissue14 Movement of water in flowering plants I15 Movement of water in flowering plants II16 Movement of mineral ions in flowering plantsTransport systems in mammals17 The mammalian circulatory system18 The mammalian heart19 The cardiac cycle20 Control of the cardiac cycle21 Arteries and veins22 Capillaries23 Functions of blood24 Blood cells25 Blood plasma26 The role of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen27 The Bohr effect28 Myoglobin and fetal haemoglobinThe immune system29 B-cells30 T-cells31 Active and passive immunity32 Health and diseaseBiological molecules33 Biological chemistry34 Water: chemical and physical properties35 Water: its role in living organisms36 Carbohydrates: monosaccharides and disaccharides37 Carbohydrates: polysaccharides38 Lipids39 Proteins: structure40 Proteins: functions41 Biochemical tests42 ChromatographyEnzymes43 How do enzymes work?44 Factors affecting the activity of enzymes45 Enzyme inhibition46 Commercial uses of enzymesCellular organisation47 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells48 Cell membranes49 Structure and function of organelles I50 Structure and function of organelles II51 Analysis of cell structure52 Cell specialisationMovement into and out of cells53 Diffusion54 Facilitated diffusion55 Osmosis56 Active transport57 Endocytosis and exocytosisCell division58 Chromosome structure59 The cell cycle60 Mitosis61 MeiosisDNA and the genetic code62 Nucleic acids63 The structure of DNA64 The replication of DNA65 Evidence for semi-conservative replication of DNA66 Ribonucleic acid (RNA)67 The genetic code68 Protein synthesis: transcription69 Protein synthesis: translation70 Gene expressionGene technology71 Terminology I72 Terminology II73 Isolating and transferring genes74 Making the product75 Commercial production of human insulin76 Applications: polymerase chain reaction77 Applications: genetic fingerprinting78 Electrophoresis79 Gene therapy80 Genetically engineered animals81 Genetic counsellingEnergy and the environment82 Ecological definitions I83 Ecological definitions II84 Ecological definitions III85 Energy transfer through ecosystems86 The water cycle and the carbon cycle87 The nitrogen cycle88 Types of environmental adaptations89 Examples of environmental adaptations90 Modes of nutrition I91 Modes of nutrition II92 Human influences on the environment I93 Human influences on the environment IISexual reproduction94 Reproduction in flowering plants I95 Reproduction in flowering plants II96 Reproduction in flowering plants III97 Pollination98 Reproduction in humans: gametogenesis99 Reproduction in humans: the menstrual cycle and fertilisation100 Controlling reproduction
About the Author(s): Alan Clamp is an experienced examiner, author and teacher.